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Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol (;〔("Gogol" ). ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.〕 ; (ウクライナ語:Мико́ла Васи́льович Го́голь), ''Mykola Vasyliovych Hohol''; – ) was a Russian〔(Encyclopedia of Ukraine )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/237143/Nikolay-Vasilyevich-Gogol )〕〔(Donald Fanger: The Creation of Nikolai Gogol. Harvard 1965 )〕〔(Amy C. Singleton: Noplace Like Home: The Literary Artist and Russia's Search for Cultural Identity. New York 1997 )〕〔(Robert Maguire: Gogol from the Twentieth Century: Eleven Essays. Princeton University Press 1997 )〕 dramatist, novelist and short story writer of Ukrainian ethnicity.〔〔( Stephen M. Norris, Willard Sunderland: Russia's People of Empire: Life Stories from Eurasia, 1500 to the Present. Indiana Press University 2012 )〕〔Гоголь, Николай Васильевич // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона: В 86 томах (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.〕 Russian and Ukrainian scholars debate whether or not Gogol was of their respective nationalities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Literary giant Nikolai Gogol opens new chapter in rivalry between Russia and Ukraine )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why did Gogol write in Russian? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gogol: russe et ukrainien en même temps )〕 Considered by his contemporaries one of the preeminent figures of the natural school of Russian literary realism, later critics have found in Gogol's work a fundamentally romantic sensibility, with strains of Surrealism and the grotesque ("The Nose", "Viy", "The Overcoat," "Nevsky Prospekt"). His early works, such as ''Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka'', were influenced by his Ukrainian upbringing, Ukrainian culture and folklore.〔Ilnytzkyj, Oleh. ("The Nationalism of Nikolai Gogol': Betwixt and Between?" ), Canadian Slavonic Papers Sep–Dec 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2008.〕〔Karpuk, Paul A. "Gogol's Research on Ukrainian Customs for the Dikan'ka Tales". ''Russian Review'', Vol. 56, No. 2 (April 1997), pp. 209–232.〕 His later writing satirised political corruption in the Russian Empire (''The Government Inspector'', ''Dead Souls''), leading to his eventual exile. The novel ''Taras Bulba'' (1835) and the play ''Marriage'' (1842), along with the short stories "Diary of a Madman", "The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich", "The Portrait" and "The Carriage", round out the tally of his best-known works. ==Early life== Gogol was born in the Ukrainian Cossack village of Sorochyntsi,〔 in Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire, present-day Ukraine. His mother was a descendant of Polish landowners. His father Vasily Gogol-Yanovsky, a descendant of Ukrainian Cossacks (see Lyzohub family) and who died when Gogol was 15 years old, belonged to the 'petty gentry', wrote poetry in Ukrainian and Russian, and was an amateur Ukrainian-language playwright. As was typical of the left-bank Ukrainian gentry of the early nineteenth century, the family spoke Ukrainian as well as Russian. As a child, Gogol helped stage Ukrainian-language plays in his uncle's home theater.〔Edyta Bojanowska. 2007). ''Nikolai Gogol: Between Ukrainian and Russian Nationalism''. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press.〕 In 1820, Gogol went to a school of higher art in Nizhyn and remained there until 1828. It was there that he began writing. He was not popular among his schoolmates, who called him their "mysterious dwarf", but with two or three of them he formed lasting friendships. Very early he developed a dark and secretive disposition, marked by a painful self-consciousness and boundless ambition. Equally early he developed a talent for mimicry, which later made him a matchless reader of his own works and induced him to toy with the idea of becoming an actor. In 1828, on leaving school, Gogol came to Saint Petersburg, full of vague but glowingly ambitious hopes. He had hoped for literary fame, and brought with him a Romantic poem of German idyllic life – ''Hans Küchelgarten''. He had it published, at his own expense, under the name of "V. Alov." The magazines he sent it to almost universally derided it. He bought all the copies and destroyed them, swearing never to write poetry again. Gogol was one of the first masters of the short story, alongside Alexander Pushkin, Prosper Mérimée, E. T. A. Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. He was in touch with the "literary aristocracy", had a story published in Anton Delvig's ''Northern Flowers'', was taken up by Vasily Zhukovsky and Pyotr Pletnyov, and (in 1831) was introduced to Pushkin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikolai Gogol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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